Recent advances in mechanistic pathways and catalyst architecture for the synthesis of sustainable aviation fuel from CO2

The catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into valuable sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is a " two-birds in one-stone" strategy for addressing the environmental challenges and fulfilling the present fuel demands in the aviation sector. This present review deals with recent advances in various catalytic pathways, including mechanistic insights, catalyst architecture for conversion of CO 2 to SAF are systematically explored. For conversion of CO 2 into SAF with maximum conversion and high selectivity the determining factors are reaction pathway, design of catalyst, their composition etc. Generally, production of SAF from CO 2 takes place via two pathways: indirect and direct path. Here we have investigated recent progress in various reaction pathways, such as Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction, alcohol to jet fuel (AtJ) process, direct CO 2 conversion etc. The research underlines the necessity of improved catalytic methods in achieving excellent selectivity and robustness during commercial application, particularly important for CO 2 to SAF synthesis. Finally, the goal of this study is to present an in-depth evaluation of the present status of SAF investigation and commercialization for future prospectives.