Determinants of hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers in public and private hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Hand hygiene compliance and material provision in hospitals in Addis Ababa are low, with a notable disparity between public and private hospitals. As the presence of infrastructure alone does not ensure compliance, the availability of a functional sink with water and soap at the point of care (or alcohol-based hand rub), regular hygiene training, adequate WASH funding, and strong institutional commitment are essential.