KCNE gene family: From basic functions to diseases

The KCNE single-span transmembrane subunits modulate the function of voltage-gated potassium (K v ) channels, which are critical for maintaining electrical excitability and signal transduction across various tissues, by interacting with different K v channel α-subunits to form diverse channel complexes with unique biophysical properties and regulatory mechanisms. These interactions profoundly impact physiological processes. Mutations or altered expression of KCNE genes have been implicated in a range of pathophysiological conditions. Emerging research has provided significant insights into the dynamic interactions between the KCNE gene and K v channels, highlighting their critical roles in channel function modulation. This increasing understanding paves the way for designing novel therapeutic strategies to address ion channel-related disorders. To deepen the understanding of research advancements, this review seeks to elucidate the roles of KCNE across various organs and to provide constructive recommendations for future research.