Assessing the impact of digital transformation on port efficiency and market positioning in Southeast Asia container port system

This study investigates how digital transformation influences the performance and competitiveness of container ports in Southeast Asia. A Digital Transformation Index was developed to measure the digital maturity of ten major ports across four dimensions: smart infrastructure, integration, governance, and cybersecurity. Combining shift-share analysis and a Super Efficiency DEA model, the study reveals strong correlations between digital maturity and both operational efficiency (r = 0.83) and market share dynamics (r = 0.69). Cluster analysis identifies three port groups based on digital advancement and performance outcomes, highlighting a persistent digital divide in the region. The originality of this research lies in its integrated empirical framework that links digital readiness to strategic port performance using multidimensional indicators. The findings provide practical insights for policymakers and port authorities seeking to enhance competitiveness through targeted digital investment and governance reforms, while contributing new empirical evidence to the literature on smart port development in emerging maritime economies.