Environmentally Friendly Nanofiber Cellulose From Durian Rinds: A Sustainable Alternative Biomass Resource

ABSTRACT A novel, efficient, and eco‐friendly sustainable process has been developed for the extraction of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) from durian rinds. The method utilizes low‐molecular‐weight 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) as an oxidation agent, in conjunction with sonication treatment, resulting in a significant reduction of processing time and energy consumption compared to conventional techniques. Various delignification methods and sonication times were investigated. For delignification, a sodium hydroxide solution (10%, w/v) at a biomass‐to‐solvent ratio of 1:30 resulted in the highest cellulose content of 82.07% in cellulose durian rind powder. In addition, the yield of durian rind‐based CNF from sonication treatment was found to be as high as 96.26%. The CNF exhibited exceptional characteristics, including a diameter ranging from 8 to 50 nm and a length of several micrometers. This sustainable and environmentally friendly approach demonstrates significant potential for the valorization of agricultural waste into high‐performance nanocellulose materials, contributing to the advancement of sustainable materials and applications.