Mechanism and IPOA-ELM Predictive Modeling of Slippage in Traction Elevators

The reliable and safe operation of traction elevators depends on traction capacity, which is degraded by traction sheave groove wear. The resulting slippage reduces transmission efficiency and may cause a catastrophic failure due to the sudden loss of friction. After analyzing slippage mechanisms, we propose a prediction model that combines the Improved Pelican Optimization Algorithm (IPOA) with an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). A mechanism analysis identifies key inputs—the wear amount, payload, and wire rope tension—providing a basis for model construction. The approach uses Halton sequence initialization, adaptive nonlinear weighting, and Gaussian perturbation, which improve the handling of nonlinearities. IPOA is then employed to optimize the ELM parameters, yielding the IPOA-ELM model. Experiments across multiple wear conditions show that IPOA-ELM predicts slippage more accurately than a traditional ELM. The study clarifies how traction sheave groove wear induces rope slippage and demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model under varying wear and load conditions, offering a practical reference for failure mechanism analysis and preventive strategies in elevator traction systems.