Noise Sources and Music Stimuli in Teleost Fish Aquaculture Systems—A Review

A less-explored stressor in intensive recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) is noise exposure. The noise profile of RASs, including the level and type of noise sources, can influence fish production. In such systems, creating an environment that enhances fish performance via improved welfare is recommended. One possible environmental enrichment method is the use of music. This study aimed to review the effects of acoustic noise as an environmental stressor and music as a potential performance-enhancing tool in teleost fish. As complete elimination of sound sources is not feasible, technological solutions may help improve acoustic environments by considering the perceptual abilities of fish and potential positive responses to music. It is advisable to design systems in which acoustic stimuli have beneficial effects on fish welfare and productivity. Given the limited existing research, further studies are needed to better understand the impact of noise and music in RASs. Insights from such research could lead to welfare improvements and increased economic yields in intensive aquaculture, a critical element of future global food security.