Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 7 in European Union countries – a multidimensional comparative analysis

The essence of Sustainable Development Goal 7 is to: "Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all." Its implementation, given the current geopolitical situation in the world, presents a significant challenge for many countries, including members of the European Union. The aim of this article is to conduct a multidimensional comparative analysis of European Union countries in terms of their progress towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7. The research is based on statistical data sourced from the Eurostat database for 2013, 2018 and 2022. The research methods used include Hellwig’s Synthetic Measure of Development, the TOPSIS method, and the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. The results of the study confirm that in the years studied, European Union countries varied in their achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 7. The best situation was in Denmark, Sweden, Ireland and Romania. The worst situation was in Malta, Germany, Bulgaria and Belgium.