Behavior of layer jamming plate with tunable stiffness and its near wake structure in cross flow

As the demand for sustainable energy increases, ensuring the reliability and durability of the wind energy infrastructure has become increasingly critical. This study introduces an innovative variable stiffness structure called a layer jamming plate (LJP) for wind barriers, inspired by natural organisms and layer jamming mechanisms. The proposed structure is composed of a flexible PET film bag, internal photocopy paper material, and a vacuum-driven system and features adaptability, robustness, wide applicability, and low mechanical failure rates. LJP can actively and dynamically adjust its stiffness and shape, thereby altering flow field structures and structural loads. Building on theoretical modeling, this study evaluates the performance of the LJP through three-point bending tests, wind tunnel experiments, and particle image velocimetry (PIV). The experimental results indicate that the LJP is highly sensitive to the number of layers (n) and vacuum pressure (p), exhibiting a stiffness range that varies approximately n². Furthermore, within a wind speed range of 0-16 m/s, the LJP demonstrates two distinct dynamic behavior modes: static bent and flapping. By adjusting the vacuum pressure, the structure can transition between these modes, effectively managing its motion response and wind resistance and altering its flapping state. In conclusion, LJP offers a sustainable solution for wind barrier systems, improving stability and efficiency. This study paves the way for further research on integrating this technology with other smart materials to enhance wind energy control and flow field optimization.