Energy drinks consumption and association factors among medical science students in Syria: A cross-sectional study

Energy drinks (EDs) are widely marketed as energy boosters, particularly in venues frequented by young people. Despite their association with adverse effects such as elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate, and respiratory issues, EDs remain highly popular, especially among college students seeking to stay awake and focused during exam periods. Limited research has been conducted on ED consumption among Syrian medical students. This study aims to assess the prevalence of ED consumption, knowledge levels, consumption patterns, and associated side effects among medical university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered, structured, and anonymous questionnaire distributed electronically via social media platforms. The survey targeted medical university students, employing a convenience sampling technique to recruit 496 participants. Statistical analysis was performed using R statistical software version 4.3.1. Approximately 30% of participants reported consuming EDs. Of these, 45% consumed EDs daily, while 57% reported consumption 1 to 3 times per week. The main reasons for ED consumption were to gain energy, stay focused, and hydrate when thirsty. Commonly reported adverse effects included insomnia and frequent urination. Females constituted the majority of ED consumers (63%); however, gender was not significantly associated with ED consumption. Bivariate analysis identified attending a private university, living alone, and having a serious health condition as factors associated with ED consumption. Energy drink consumption is prevalent among medical students despite its adverse effects. Educational campaigns promoting healthy dietary habits, addressing misconceptions about EDs, and highlighting their side effects are urgently needed, particularly in medical colleges. Enforcing stricter regulations on the sale of EDs, especially to young individuals, could help regulate consumption, particularly in Syria, where many of these products enter the market illegally due to sanctions.