Fuzzy cognitive mapping-driven knowledge management based on 24Model for major accident prevention: a case study of oil and gas industry

The oil and gas industry is prone to major hazard accidents, often triggered by human error and systemic failures. This study introduces a novel approach to major accident prevention through the development of a fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM)-driven knowledge management (KM) framework based on the 24Model. The study aims to: 1) map critical accident causative factors using the 24Model; 2) develop and validate a KM framework integrating FCM for simulation-based analysis; 3) apply this framework to a real-world case in the oil and gas sector. The FCM-driven KM framework provides a systematic approach for identifying and analysing accident factors, offering decision-makers actionable insights to improve risk management, maintenance practices, and safety culture. Theoretically, this research extends existing models by integrating the 24Model with FCM. From a policy perspective, the study emphasises the importance of stricter regulations and enforcement to support a strong safety culture and reduce the likelihood of major accidents.