Sun protection behaviors and knowledge of skin cancer and sun exposure among Emirati undergraduate students

The aim of this study is to assess the level of knowledge about skin cancer and sun exposure among Emirati undergraduate students and evaluate the sun protection behaviors practiced by these students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 455 undergraduate students from 17 campuses of one of the largest higher education institutions in the UAE. Data were collected using a structured survey comprising sociodemographic characteristics and two validated scales: the Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge Scale (SCSKS) and the Sun Protection Behavior Scale (SPBS). Participants demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge, with a mean SCSKS score of 13.01. The mean SPBS score was 25.60 out of 40, with notable variation across specific behaviors. The most frequently reported practice was sunscreen use, with 41.3% of participants indicating they “always” used it. In contrast, hat use was among the least practiced behaviors, with 100% of participants reporting they "never" wore a wide-brimmed hat and 41.3% stating they "never" wore a hat at all. Female students reported higher levels of sunscreen use and sun avoidance, while male students were more likely to wear hats. No significant correlation was found between knowledge and sun avoidance behaviors. This study highlights a gap between knowledge and behavior in relation to sun protection. Despite a moderate level of awareness about skin cancer and the risks of sun exposure, students do not consistently engage in protective behaviors. These findings highlight the need for targeted educational interventions that not only raise awareness but also encourage sustained behavioral change. Public health initiatives should adopt culturally relevant, gender-sensitive strategies to encourage the consistent use of multiple sun protection methods.