Klebsiella-Induced Neonatal Brain Abscess: A Case Report of Rare Pathogen

Background: Brain abscess is a serious infection within the cranial space characterized by an encapsulated accumulation of purulent exudates. This report presents a case of a 14-day-old neonate with a brain abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Case Report: The neonate, who had been treated with a traditional remedy involving bread dough and spices on the umbilical cord, presented with fever, poor feeding, and lethargy and later experienced seizures. Laboratory investigations confirmed the presence of K. pneumoniae in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated multiple ring-enhancing lesions in the bilateral frontal and left parietal regions, suggestive of brain abscesses. After treatment, the patient’s condition improved, and he was referred to another equipped center for further treatment. Discussion: Previous cases were linked to idiopathic or maternal causes, such as urinary tract infections. There was no evidence that the causes of these abscesses were community-acquired. This case, the first reported outside of India, may indicate a communityacquired brain abscess. Conclusion: This case report highlights the need for awareness and appropriate management of brain abscess caused by K. pneumoniae.