Frontiers of Blockchain Applications in HRM: An Exploration Through Theoretical Integration and Qualitative Inquiry

ABSTRACT Blockchain technology is a disruptive technology known for its use in financial services, supply chains and cryptocurrencies; however, it remains relatively underutilised in human resource management (HRM). This study aims to explore current and potential future uses of blockchain in strategic and operational HRM and examines the enablers and barriers to its adoption. Existing research literature on blockchain applications in HRM remains emergent and is dominated by conceptual papers as opposed to empirical studies. The study uses a conceptual framework which integrates HRM with business information systems theory, namely the Technology‐Organisation‐Environment framework, and the Blockchain Adoption Model. This comparative case study design involving three case organisations confirms limited main barriers to its adoption: organisational awareness and understanding, persistent concerns about digital trust and data protection and uncertainty surrounding regulatory frameworks. This research presented a new Extended HR‐BAM Model that contributes a nuanced and context‐sensitive framework for understanding blockchain's potential in HRM and highlights opportunities for blockchain in strategic HRM and HRM functions to enhance efficiency and productivity.