From Bush to Trump: 25 Years of U.S. Climate Policy Roller Coaster

Abstract This paper studies U.S. climate policy and its impact on relations with the EU. We compare the climate policy approaches of the presidencies of Bush, Obama, Trump I, Biden, and Trump II, applying three analytical categories: climate policy approach, political and administrative structures, and the context of related sectors. We show that the U.S. has been an unreliable partner for the EU, particularly in areas such as international climate finance, bilateral partnerships, and global leadership.