Exploring the determinants of domestic air travel across Africa

This study examines the determinants of domestic air travel demand within African countries, a region underrepresented in existing literature, which has predominantly focused on international routes or domestic travel in other continents. Using a gravity model, the study provides a comprehensive analysis that incorporates socio-economic variables and service-related factors. The findings indicate that domestic air travel demand is significantly influenced by socio-economic factors; specifically, larger educated populations and higher GDP per capita are positively associated with travel demand. The effect of government ownership of airlines on passenger demand is inconclusive: state ownership positively influences demand in Algeria, Ethiopia, and Morocco, but has a negative impact in Kenya, South Africa, and Nigeria. Service-related aspects also play a crucial role: higher flight frequencies, lower airfares, the presence of low-cost carriers (LCCs), and better connectivity positively influence domestic travel demand. These findings vary across countries, reflecting the diverse economic and infrastructural landscapes of Africa. The study highlights the importance of economic and infrastructural development in boosting domestic air travel across the continent. It suggests that policies aimed at supporting LCCs, enhancing airport connectivity, and promoting economic growth could effectively stimulate domestic air travel. • The study identifies socio-economic and service-related factors as key drivers of domestic air travel demand in Africa. • The effect of government ownership of airlines on passenger demand remains inconclusive. • The presence of low-cost carriers and improved airport connectivity are associated with higher domestic air travel demand. • Broader economic and educational policies could indirectly enhance air travel demand.