Comparative Study of Arthroscopic versus Open Mosaicplasty in Osteochondral lesions of the knee joint

Background: It can be difficult to treat chondral and osteochondral abnormalities effectively. To generate hyaline or hyaline-like healing in the affected region, autologous osteochondral transplantation is one option. This study details the outcomes of autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty over a moderate amount of time in clinical practice. Aim and objectives: For the purpose of comparing and contrasting the radiological and functional outcomes of arthroscopic and open (mini arthrotomy) Mosaicplasty procedures for the treatment of osteochondral defects. Patients and methods: Forty patients with osteochondral lesions in the knee joint were enrolled in this prospective trial. Half of the patients were treated arthroscopically, while the other half had open (mini arthrotomy) mosaicplasty. The study ran from January 2022 to January 2024. We followed up with patients for at least 12 months after they were recruited from the outpatient clinic at Al-Azhar University Hospital. Results: From August 2022 to October 2024, forty cases were enrolled in this study. This study included 35 males and five women, with 27 right knee joints and 13 left knee joints. There were nine traumatic instances and 31 degenerative cases. Both the arthroscopic and open groups had mean operative ages of 24.65 and 25.65 years, respectively, with a range of 18–40 years. While both the Arthroscopic and open groups' Lysholm scores were significantly higher before and after surgery, the open group's score was higher after surgery than it had been before. Conclusion: When used appropriately, mosaicplasty is a powerful instrument for the management of osteochondral damage; moreover, the arthroscopic approach yields superior outcomes compared to open mosaicplasty.