Synergistic effect of myco-synthesized selenium nanoparticles and alcoholic ginseng extract against multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bacteriospermia

Background: The combined effectiveness of plant botanical extracts and nanoparticles towards multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens can be achieved through enhancing the endurance and absorption of the extracts' active phytochemicals, increasing their ability to penetrate microbial cells, and improve their antimicrobial impact through many mechanisms, such as breaking down cell walls and producing reactive oxygen compounds. This investigation aimed to test the synergistic impact of selenium nanoparticles with ginseng extract (G/SeNPs) towards resistant bacteria isolated from semen and test other possible biological activities. Methods: Semen samples were collected from 50 participants from International Islamic Center for Population Studies and Research in Al-Azhar University and examined using microbiological techniques to find MDR bacteria. The isolated MDR bacteria were identified using molecular methods and deposited in the gene bank. Ginseng extract was tested via HPLC and GC-MS systems to detected various chemical in the extracts. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were prepared using Aspergillus terreus which previously isolated and identified SeNPs was characterized using standard techniques. Ginseng extract and Selenium nanoparticles were mixed at different levels and the combined form (G/SeNPs) was tested versus MDR bacterium isolated from semen. G/SeNPs antioxidant value was examined via DPPH testing. G/SeNPs anti-inflammatory value was examined via hemolysis inhibition assay. Cytotoxicity of G/SeNPs towards Vero cells using MTT technique. Antiviral effect G/SeNPs was tested versus HAV and HSV. Results: Acinetobacter baumannii was the isolated MDR bacterium from semen and its identification was confirmed by genetics with a number PP789586.1. Analysis of ginseng extract by GC-MS revealed the existence of twenty-five compounds where Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester; 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester; and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester were the most common molecules, furthermore HPLC characterized the phenolic acids and flavonoids in ginseng extract. Characterization of the SeNPs revealed its relevant corresponding pattern of selenium nanoparticles. The combination of SeNPs and ginseng extract at 60: 40 showed the highest antibacterial action versus MDR A. baumannii with zone of inhibition of 22.14± 1.3 mm. G/SeNPs had a good antioxidant level with an IC50 = 12.72±1.4 µg/ml. G/SeNPs had a promising anti-inflammatory capability with an IC50 = 4.64±0.6 µg/ml. G/SeNPs had a minimal impact on Vero cells (IC50 = 174.97 ± 2.34 µg/ml). HAV and HSV viruses were showed marked antiviral activity by G/SeNPs especially when the at level of 62.5 µg/ml. Conclusion: The current combination technique (G/SeNPs) reduces the likelihood of resistance forming by working through several cellular mechanisms, and may serve as an alternative therapeutic approach MRD A. baumannii isolated from semen. Additional animal studies are necessary to confirm the biological impacts of G/SeNPs.