Third law of repetitive electric Penrose processes
Recently, Ruffini et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 134 (2025) 8, 081403] pointed out that the repetitive Penrose process cannot drain the entire extractable energy of a Kerr black hole. In this Letter, we alternatively point out the charge of a Reissner-Nordström black hole cannot drop down to exactly zero via the repetitive electric Penrose process that is terminated after a finite number of iterative steps, indicating a new thermodynamical third-law analog for the repetitive electric Penrose process.
Authors
- Shao-Jiang Wang
- Li Hu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3554-807X)
- Rong-Gen Cai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3539-7103)
Institutions
- Ningbo University (CN)
- Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics (KR)
- Institute of Theoretical Physics (CN)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
- Published
- 2026-02-18
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1103/vlgc-y3qg
- Primary Topic
- Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- National Key Research and Development Program of China