Patent Landscape Analysis of Bivalve Mollusc Decontamination Technologies: A Review

Bivalve molluscs represent an important food source and have a significant economic impact through their commercialization in many countries. As high-capacity filter feeders, they can bioaccumulate contaminants and pathogens, creating tangible consumer health risks. This study presents the first comprehensive patent landscape of bivalve mollusc decontamination technologies indexed in international patent databases (Espacenet). The survey identified 30 patents filed between 1989 and 2025. Unlike reviews based solely on scientific literature, this work provides, for the first time, a global mapping of technological developments aimed at enhancing the safety of bivalves-derived foods. The analysis highlights depuration as the predominant technology, which continues to be refined and optimized. It also reveals the emergence of disruptive approaches—such as photodynamic sterilization, the use of probiotics, immunopotentiators, natural antimicrobial compounds, and genetic hybridization—developed to preserve the viability and sensory quality of the organisms. The novelty of this study lies in providing a technological overview of innovation within the aquaculture sector, emphasizing the transition from conventional methods to cleaner, integrated, and sustainable technologies. Furthermore, the research identifies the advancement of hybrid decontamination systems that combine microbiological efficiency, environmental preservation, and commercial value, contributing to safer and more technologically advanced shellfish production.