Factors Related to Discharge-Oriented Dietary Support for Older Patients with Cancer at a Regional Core Cancer Hospital in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Older patients with cancer are predisposed to malnutrition, contributing to adverse postoperative outcomes, high complication rates, and poor prognosis, warranting dietary support from nurses. Practices and factors related to such support remain unexplored. We examined factors associated with discharge-oriented dietary support for older patients with cancer. <b>Methods</b>: This cross-sectional study involved registered nurses working in wards and was conducted using a self-report questionnaire between September 2024 and February 2025 at two regional core cancer Japanese hospitals. The survey included the Ward Nurses' Discharge-Oriented Dietary Support Scale for Older Adult Patients (NDODSS), items assessing nurses' perceived difficulty with cancer care, patient assessment, interprofessional collaboration, and their interest in, perceived importance of, and difficulty with dietary support. Data were analyzed using <i>t</i>-test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. <b>Results</b>: Overall, 134 nurses, with an average of 6.8 years of cancer nursing experience, were included. The total mean scores for NDODSS, assessment of healthy eating behavior, adjustment of the living environment, and continual frailty assessment were 68.6 (11.8), 28.4 (4.9), 18.2 (4.7), and 22.0 (4.2), respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that NDODSS was significantly associated with difficulty providing dietary support (β = -0.127, <i>p</i> = 0.043), physical assessment of cancer patients (β = 0.282, <i>p</i> < 0.001), social assessment (β = 0.207, <i>p</i> = 0.003), and consultation with other professionals (β = 0.205, <i>p</i> = 0.010). <b>Conclusions</b>: Dietary support for older patients with cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach, including cancer symptom assessment, social factor evaluation and sharing dietary support-related challenges.