An advanced method for assessing the significance of change in electric vehicles as a new tool for sustainability and operational reliability

Safe and reliable implementation of changes in technical, organisational, and operational systems in the transport sector is essential for introducing innovations aligned with sustainable development goals. The method currently used (Chruzik et al., 2021) is based on expert analysis, dependency matrices, and quantitative risk assessment. While it is widely applied, it still leaves room for interpretive subjectivity. The extension proposed in this article builds on this foundation by incorporating updated risk registers and enhanced evaluation criteria, with a particular emphasis on operational reliability and sustainability. This approach improves the objectivity and reproducibility of assessments regarding the significance of implemented changes. The objective of this paper is to develop and demonstrate an advanced method for assessing the significance of changes in transport systems, with a particular focus on operational reliability, safety, and sustainability. A key novelty is the integration of classical FMEA methodology with a system-oriented framework, introducing parameters of uncertainty and consequence. The combination of these two factors forms a basis for a more structured and transparent risk matrix. The proposed method was applied to evaluate the significance of change associated with integrating electric vehicles (EVs) into urban traffic systems. While the analysis identified new risk areas—especially related to secondary battery fires—the overall change was assessed as non-significant. Nonetheless, it was recognised that this transformation requires the implementation of preventive measures and updated operational procedures to manage emerging risks. This enhanced method strengthens decision-making processes by improving the clarity and credibility of change assessments in the transport sector. Its flexibility allows it to be adapted to other technological innovations, enabling a balanced consideration of operational safety, technical feasibility, and long-term sustainability. By incorporating risk-based criteria alongside sustainability indicators, the method supports a more holistic understanding of how change impacts complex systems. As transport systems continue to evolve in response to technological advancements and environmental priorities, this approach offers a practical and robust tool for guiding strategic implementation. It ensures that changes are introduced with a clear understanding of associated risks and opportunities, aligning technological development with broader goals of operational reliability and sustainable mobility.