Malignant Transformation of a Solitary Fibrous Tumor with Intracranial Invasion and Distant Metastasis: A Case Report

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that are commonly benign but may occasionally exhibit a malignant behavior. Herein, we describe a 57-year-old male patient with a previously benign SFT originating from the left zygomatic scalp that subsequently underwent malignant transformation with invasion into the left temporal lobe and metastases to the right 5 th rib and left femur. Although the patient underwent multiple surgical resections and received adjuvant radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy, complete disease remission was not achieved. This case showed that SFTs have a malignant potential, encompassing both direct intracranial extension from adjacent soft tissues and the exceedingly rare occurrence of distant cerebral metastasis. Further, it emphasizes the considerable diagnostic and therapeutic complexities inherent in the management of such highly aggressive disease phenotypes.