Grid code requirements for the integration of renewable energy sources in Indonesia—a review

The large-scale integration of renewable energy sources into electric grids proposes significant challenges for any power grid management and planning. To address these challenges, system operators have developed GCs so that the grid operates safely, reliably, and economically. These codes establish technical, operational, and procedural standards for the connection and operation of renewable energy systems to the utility grid. This article investigates the current state of GCs in Indonesia as a case study, highlighting the growing need for updated and robust regulations to allocate renewable energy integration. The article focuses on the integration requirements for microgrid technologies, which are vital for decentralized energy systems and the proliferation of renewable resources, especially in remote and off-grid areas, especially Indonesia, and targets Indonesia to adopt renewable energy. Insights from Denmark’s advanced energy framework are utilized to propose recommendations for enhancing Indonesia’s GCs. A comparative analysis between the standard of IEEE 1547-2003 and IEEE 1547-2018 to compliance in terms of voltage regulation, fault ride-through capabilities, and Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) interoperability is carried out.