The next generations need a new social contract for European defence

In response to escalating geopolitical threats, particularly from Russia, compounded by climate-related crises, European nations are reconsidering how to rebuild their military services by engaging the younger generations. This article argues that there is a need for a new social contract to align national defence imperatives with the socio-economic realities of Gen Z. While traditional patriotic calls resonate with older generations, younger Europeans—disconnected from the military paradigms of the past—prioritise economic stability, mental health and institutional trust. The success of defence mobilisation thus hinges on repositioning service as an opportunity for skill development, civic participation and social advancement. This article draws from Central and Eastern European experiences, particularly those of Poland, proposing a framework that links defence to dual-use innovation, voluntary engagement and tangible state support. Rebuilding trust between young people and state institutions is crucial to securing democratic legitimacy, societal cohesion and preparedness in the face of emerging hybrid threats. Mainstream parties must lead this transformation to outpace both the populists and institutional fatigue.