Study of the bioecological characteristics of some lavender species introduced under the conditions of the Absheron Peninsula

Increasing climate variability and drought have brought the cultivation of low-water-demand plants to the forefront. In this context, lavender – a drought-tolerant plant widely used in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, perfumery, and dye production, has gained particular relevance. Lavender plantations are not only visually appealing but also contribute to the development of the tourism sector. This study investigated the bioecological characteristics of several lavender species introduced in the Absheron region (Azerbaijan) and examined the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on seed propagation. Sowing was carried out in spring (March) and autumn (November and December). During the research, it was observed that the germination rate of lavender seeds varied depending on the sowing depth. It was determined that the optimal sowing depth for Lavandula angustifolia L. and Lavandula intermedia L. seeds is 2.0 cm. Specifically, the germination rates at different depths were as follows: at 1 cm: 12.9-11.0%, at 2 cm: 75.0-67.0%, at 3 cm: 18.4-17.3%. To ensure a favourable nutrient environment for seedlings, the seeding rate per 1 m² area was calculated. It was established that the higher the germination capacity, the lower the seeding rate required, and vice versa. Based on the experiments, a seeding rate of 10 grams of seeds per 1 m² was recommended. Successful germination in open field required the following optimal conditions: average air temperature: 20-25°C, soil temperature: 25-27°C, relative humidity: 75-80%. According to the study results, vegetative propagation of lavender species proves more effective in the Absheron region, where the local soil and climate are well-suited for establishing lavender plantations