Social Inequality, <scp>ICT</scp> Development, and Renewable Energy Investment: Implications for Ecological Sustainability in Central Africa

ABSTRACT This paper investigates how income inequality (II) and information and communication technology (ICT) development shape renewable energy investment (REI) and environmental sustainability in the Central African Community (CAC) between 2005 and 2021. Using advanced panel econometric methods, including Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR), Augmented Mean Group (AMG), and Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCEMG), the study reveals complex and heterogeneous dynamics. Results show that high II often undermines the effectiveness of REIs, although targeted interventions in more unequal regions sometimes enhance their impact. ICT development consistently strengthens investment efficiency and contributes positively to environmental sustainability by improving resource management and reducing ecological pressures. While renewable energy projects deliver long‐term environmental benefits, their early stages can raise ecological footprints due to implementation inefficiencies. These findings underscore the need for integrated policy approaches that simultaneously reduce socioeconomic disparities, expand ICT infrastructure, and ensure the sustainable design of renewable energy projects. By linking inequality, digitalization, and clean energy transitions, this study provides actionable insights for advancing Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 7 and SDG 13) in Central Africa and other regions facing similar developmental constraints.