All your TLS keys are belong to Us: A novel approach to live memory forensic key extraction

Extracting TLS key material remains a critical challenge in live memory forensics, particularly for forensic investigators and law enforcement seeking to decrypt network traffic for investigative purposes. Existing methods focus on TLS 1.2 and rely on manual processes limited to specific implementations, leaving gaps in scalability and support for TLS 1.3. This research introduces a novel approach that automates key aspects of identifying and extracting TLS key material across all major TLS implementations. Our approach leverages unique strings defined by TLS standards to identify key derivation functions, eliminating the need for manual identification and ensuring adaptability to evolving libraries. We validate our methodology using a ground truth dataset of major TLS libraries and real-world applications, dynamically intercepting the identified functions to extract session keys. While initially implemented on Linux, the underlying concept of our approach is platform-agnostic and broadly applicable. This work bridges a critical gap in live memory forensics by introducing a scalable framework that automatically locates TLS key derivation functions and uses this information in library-specific hooks, enabling efficient decryption of secure communications. These findings offer significant advancements for forensic practitioners, law enforcement, and cybersecurity professionals.