Statistical Investigations of the Radial Interplanetary Magnetic Field Component Impact on the Magnetotail Current Sheet Structure of Mars: MAVEN Observations

Abstract In this study, we investigated the role of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation in controlling the location and structure of the current sheet (CS) in the Martian magnetotail. Based on carefully selected cases as well as statistical studies using the magnetic field and plasma data of Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN from 2014 October to 2020 February, our work shows that the IMF orientation can systematically influence the magnetotail CS structure of Mars. Our results reveal a systematic dawn–dusk ( Y -axis) asymmetry in CS positioning under different IMF orientations. Specifically, a sunward-directed IMF (cone angle < 60°) shifts the CS toward the dusk (+ Y ) hemisphere, while a tailward-directed IMF (cone angle > 120°) shifts it toward the dawn (− Y ) hemisphere. Under cross-flow IMF conditions (70° < cone angle < 110°), no significant CS displacement is observed. This pattern persists even after accounting for possible confounding influences such as Martian crustal magnetic fields and solar EUV intensity. Our findings suggest that the cone angle of the IMF can systematically control the CS structure and magnetic lobes in the magnetotail of Mars. This IMF-controlled CS asymmetry has implications for understanding planetary ion escape and magnetotail dynamics at unmagnetized bodies.