ELPIS: Accelerated Metal and Dust Enrichment in a Protocluster Core at <i>z</i> ≈ 8
Abstract We present a study of the metal, dust, and molecular gas content in galaxies within the A2744-z7p9OD protocluster at z ≈ 7.88. We focus on two galaxy groups—the Quintet and the Chain—which are covered by the Emission-Line Protocluster Imaging Survey (ELPIS) of the furthest overdensity beyond Pandora’s Cluster A2744. [C ii ] 158 μ m emission is detected in five galaxies, revealing molecular gas reservoirs with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">log</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">gas</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>9.0</mml:mn> </mml:math> –9.6, while dust continuum at the observed frame of 1.26 mm is detected in three galaxies, yielding dust masses of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">log</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">dust</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>6.0</mml:mn> </mml:math> –6.4, assuming a dust temperature of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">dust</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>15</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>15</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> K. The derived properties—including stellar-to-dust mass ratios of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">dust</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⋆</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:math> to −2 at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⋆</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mn>9</mml:mn> </mml:math> and dust-to-gas mass ratios of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">dust</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">gas</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:math> to −3 at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>12</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:math> —place these galaxies in an intermediate regime: higher than the very low ratios expected from supernova-driven dust production but still below the levels attained once efficient grain growth dominates. These values indicate a transition phase of dust mass assembly, likely reflecting the onset of grain growth via metal accreti
Authors
- Yurina Nakazato (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0984-7713)
- Santiago Arribas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7997-1640)
- Yoichi Tamura (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4807-8117)
- S. Inui
- Yuma Sugahara (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6958-7856)
- L. Colina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9090-4227)
- Ken Mawatari (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4985-0201)
- Takuya Hashimoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0898-4038)
- Yi W. Ren (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6510-5028)
- Alejandro Crespo Gómez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2119-277X)
- Yoshinobu Fudamoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7440-8832)
- Hideki Umehata (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1937-0573)
- Javier Álvarez-Márquez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-1877)
- Ryota Ikeda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2634-9169)
- Daniel Ceverino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8680-248X)
- Akio Inoue (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7779-8677)
- Naoki Yoshida (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7925-238X)
- Masato Hagimoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8083-5814)
- Tom J. L. C. Bakx
- Wataru Osone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8424-100X)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Astrophysical Journal Letters
- Published
- 2025-11-05
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae1603
- Primary Topic
- Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00