ELPIS: Accelerated Metal and Dust Enrichment in a Protocluster Core at <i>z</i>  ≈ 8

Abstract We present a study of the metal, dust, and molecular gas content in galaxies within the A2744-z7p9OD protocluster at z ≈ 7.88. We focus on two galaxy groups—the Quintet and the Chain—which are covered by the Emission-Line Protocluster Imaging Survey (ELPIS) of the furthest overdensity beyond Pandora’s Cluster A2744. [C ii ] 158 μ m emission is detected in five galaxies, revealing molecular gas reservoirs with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">log</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">gas</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>9.0</mml:mn> </mml:math> –9.6, while dust continuum at the observed frame of 1.26 mm is detected in three galaxies, yielding dust masses of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">log</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">dust</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>6.0</mml:mn> </mml:math> –6.4, assuming a dust temperature of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">dust</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>15</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>15</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> K. The derived properties—including stellar-to-dust mass ratios of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">dust</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⋆</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:math> to −2 at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⋆</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mn>9</mml:mn> </mml:math> and dust-to-gas mass ratios of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">dust</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">gas</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:math> to −3 at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>12</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:math> —place these galaxies in an intermediate regime: higher than the very low ratios expected from supernova-driven dust production but still below the levels attained once efficient grain growth dominates. These values indicate a transition phase of dust mass assembly, likely reflecting the onset of grain growth via metal accreti

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Journal
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Published
2025-11-05
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae1603
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Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
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article

ELPIS: Accelerated Metal and Dust Enrichment in a Protocluster Core at z  ≈ 8

Yurina Nakazato, Santiago Arribas, Yoichi Tamura, S. Inui et al.
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
article

ELPIS: Accelerated Metal and Dust Enrichment in a Protocluster Core at z  ≈ 8

Yurina Nakazato, Santiago Arribas, Yoichi Tamura, S. Inui, Yuma Sugahara, L. Colina, Ken Mawatari, Takuya Hashimoto, Yi W. Ren, Alejandro Crespo Gómez, Yoshinobu Fudamoto, Hideki Umehata, Javier Álvarez-Márquez, Ryota Ikeda, Daniel Ceverino, Akio Inoue, Naoki Yoshida, Masato Hagimoto, Tom J. L. C. Bakx, Wataru Osone
article en

Abstract

Abstract We present a study of the metal, dust, and molecular gas content in galaxies within the A2744-z7p9OD protocluster at z ≈ 7.88. We focus on two galaxy groups—the Quintet and the Chain—which are covered by the Emission-Line Protocluster Imaging Survey (ELPIS) of the furthest overdensity beyond Pandora’s Cluster A2744. [C ii ] 158 μ m emission is detected in five galaxies, revealing molecular gas reservoirs with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">log</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">gas</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>9.0</mml:mn> </mml:math> –9.6, while dust continuum at the observed frame of 1.26 mm is detected in three galaxies, yielding dust masses of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">log</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">dust</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>6.0</mml:mn> </mml:math> –6.4, assuming a dust temperature of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">dust</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>15</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>15</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> K. The derived properties—including stellar-to-dust mass ratios of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">dust</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⋆</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:math> to −2 at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⋆</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mn>9</mml:mn> </mml:math> and dust-to-gas mass ratios of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">dust</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">gas</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:math> to −3 at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>12</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:math> —place these galaxies in an intermediate regime: higher than the very low ratios expected from supernova-driven dust production but still below the levels attained once efficient grain growth dominates. These values indicate a transition phase of dust mass assembly, likely reflecting the onset of grain growth via metal accreti

The Astrophysical Journal LettersVol. 993(2)
Openalex Percentile: Top 77%
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
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