Development of functionalized magnetic mesoporous materials and their green application in organic coupling reactions

Organic coupling reactions are essential in chemical synthesis, yet traditional systems rely on organic solvents and precious metals, causing pollution and high energy use. Here, a functionalized magnetic mesoporous catalyst loaded with a borene-carbene compound was developed for greener coupling reactions. Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ served as a magnetic core-shell carrier, and IMe-B(SiMe₃) was anchored to the mesoporous surface. The catalyst showed high surface area (320 m²/g), uniform pores (3.2 nm), and magnetism (65.3 emu/g). In Suzuki and Sonogashira reactions, conversions reached 93.874% and 92.345% with selectivity up to 99.8%, surpassing reference catalysts. Substrate scope confirmed broad applicability, while green solvent systems such as DES achieved 89.673% conversion and 78.171% yield, maintaining activity after recycling. These results highlight the synergistic effects of pore design and surface functionalization, confirming efficiency and recyclability. This work provides guidance for designing green catalysts and expands the applications of magnetic mesoporous materials in sustainable organic chemistry.