Mechanically and electrically switchable triferroic altermagnet in a pentagonal <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Fe</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub>
Two-dimensional multiferroics promise low-power, multifunctional devices, yet the intrinsic coexistence and mutual control of three coupled ferroic orders in a single layer remains elusive. Here, we identify pentagonal monolayer $\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ as an intrinsic triferroic altermagnet where ferroelectric (FE), ferroelastic (FA), and altermagnetic (AM) orders coexist and are tightly coupled, accompanied by a competing antiferroelectric (AFE) phase using first-principles calculations. The sole presence of glide mirror ${\mathrm{M}}_{x}$ symmetry in a $\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ sublayer, with the breaking of fourfold rotation ${\mathrm{C}}_{4z}$ symmetry, induces in-plane vector ferroelectricity and twin-related ferroelastic strains. Both FE and AFE phases break combined parity-time symmetry and display sizable altermagnetic spin splitting with N\'eel temperatures over 200 K. Electric-field induced rotation of the FE polarization reverses the sign of the spin splitting, while in-plane uniaxial strain triggers ferroelastic switching that simultaneously rotates the FE polarization vector by 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and reverses the AM state. These electric-field- and strain-mediated pathways interlink six distinct polarization states that can be selected purely by electric fields and/or mechanical strain. This work extends intrinsic triferroicity to pentagonal monolayers and outlines a symmetry-based route toward mechanically and electrically configurable altermagnetic spintronics.
Authors
- Jiaqi Dai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5603-5283)
- Cong Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5297-9586)
- Wei Ji (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5249-6624)
- De-Ping Guo
- Ren-Hong Wang
Institutions
- Sichuan Normal University (CN)
- Renmin University of China (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Physical review. B./Physical review. B
- Published
- 2025-10-15
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1103/ftmr-bh9k
- Citations
- 3
- Primary Topic
- Multiferroics and related materials
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.28