SCORE ANALYSIS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ELEMENTS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN MALAYSIA

In response to the demands of the Fifth Industrial Revolution (IR 5.0), the integration of entrepreneurial elements in primary school is a strategic initiative to develop a generation that is competitive, innovative, and resilient. Despite its growing importance, discussions on fostering entrepreneurial values—such as creative thinking, leadership, problem-solving, resilience, and risk-taking—among young learners remain limited in educational discourse. This concept paper aims to elaborate on the implementation of entrepreneurial elements among primary school pupils using the SCORE Model as a systematic framework. A conceptual analysis was conducted based on the five components of the model: Strengths, Challenges, Options, Responses, and Effectiveness. Findings indicate that the SCORE Model enables educators and schools to design phase-based, context-specific entrepreneurial interventions. It also highlights the importance of early exposure, teacher professional development, community collaboration, and continual program monitoring. The primary limitation of this study is its reliance on a single model; therefore, future research employing alternative frameworks such as SWOT, TOWS, NOISE, and SOAR may yield broader perspectives. These findings have significant implications for entrepreneurship education policy, curriculum design, and teacher training strategies at the primary school level. Further empirical investigation is recommended to assess the model’s impact on students’ entrepreneurial attitudes and behaviours in actual classroom settings.