International space station external radiation field as measured by Liulin-SET spectrometer of ARMAS flight module 9 in September - October 2022
The Liulin-SET spectrometer, developed at the Space Research and Technology Institute of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, was integrated with the Automated Radiation Measurements for Aerospace Safety (ARMAS) Flight Module Number 9 (FM9). The ARMAS FM9 was developed by Space Environment Technologies (SET) in Pacific Palisades, California, USA. Inclusion of the abbreviation "SET" in the name of the instrument underlined that this spectrometer was developed especially for the Space Environment Technologies (SET) ARMAS FM9 mission. ARMAS FM9 was launched on February 19, 2022 with the Northrop Grumman-Antares rocket from NASA's east coast launch facility in Virginia and operated externally on the Japanese Experimental Module of the International Space Station (ISS) for 216 days, from March to December 2022. During this period, it measured the ionizing dose and flux of three radiation components: (1) Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR), (2) Inner Radiation Belt (IRB) energetic protons in the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) region, (3) Outer Radiation Belt (ORB) energetic electrons in the high-latitude regions of the ISS orbit. This paper presents the analysis of the Liulin-SET data and compares it with data from other four Liulin type instruments that worked on the ISS between 2001 and 2016.
Authors
- Tsvetan Dachev (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1678-5725)
- L. V. Didkovsky
- Borislav Gueorguiev Tomov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4236-3056)
- Seth Weiman
- Kevin Judge
- Brad Gersey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6003-1517)
- Plamen Dimitrov
- W. Kent Tobiska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-8484)
- Benjamin T. Hogan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1600-5124)
- Malina Jordanova
- Jordanka Semkova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2366-2176)
- Justin J. Bailey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8280-5712)
- N. Bankov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0531-5015)
- Yuri Matviichuk
- Mityo Mitev
Institutions
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BG)
- Space Research and Technology Institute (BG)
- Space Environment Technologies (United States) (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Life Sciences in Space Research
- Published
- 2025-11-05
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lssr.2025.11.001
- Primary Topic
- Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00