Case reports of primary pulmonary sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Zoonotic sporotrichosis is hyperendemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Primary pulmonary sporotrichosis is a rare manifestation that can lead to high morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis can be challenging, and optimal treatment is not defined by clinical studies. We report two cases of primary pulmonary sporotrichosis treated in an infectious disease's hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. One of our cases progressed to death despite antifungal treatment, and the other needed long-term antifungal suppression for symptom control. Primary pulmonary sporotrichosis is a life-threatening condition with few cases reported in the literature. For this reason, there are currently no randomized studies to define treatment time and case management to define the best strategies.