Microbial Diversity of the Rhizosphere in Different Habitats of Paeonia ludlowii in Xizang

The rhizosphere of Paeonia ludlowii, endemic to Tibet, exhibits a rich tapestry of microbial diversity across Lhasa, Nyingchi, and Shannan regions, with notable regional variations. There is a large microbial community and some differences between the groups. The community becomes less uniform in different regions as the altitude decreases. The functions of the dominant flora in the rhizosphere are thought to be primarily biosynthesis and drug metabolism. Pseudomonas was the dominant genus of bacteria, and its relative abundance was 5.41–71.31%. Ascomycota had the highest relative abundance of fungi and was the dominant phylum. The relative abundance of Ascomycota in the three regions was 62.34–71.35%; that of Basidiomycota was 17.62–33.18%, and the relative abundance of Mortierella was 3.60–10.98%. There were 22 groups of bacteria with significant differences in Lhasa, 43 groups of bacterial community identification groups in the Shannan area, and 12 groups of significant fungal species in Lhasa. The metabolic pathways with the highest abundance of bacterial participation in the biosynthetic pathway included the betaine biosynthesis; phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosyntheses; and ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis pathways. The metabolic pathways with the highest bacterial abundance in the degradation/utilization/assimilation metabolic pathways are: drug metabolism and other enzyme metabolic pathways, organic selenium compound metabolic pathway, and thiamine metabolic pathway. The results showed that the wild population of Paeonia ludlowii was suitable for different ecological environments by regulating the diversity of soil microbial communities, which provided a reference for the study of soil microbial communities in different regions of Paeonia ludlowii.