THE IMPACT OF REFRACTIVE ERRORS AND THEIR CORRECTION ON VISUAL-MOTOR PERFORMANCE IN TEAM SPORT ATHLETES: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Efficient visual processing is crucial in team sports, where accurate spatial perception and quick reaction time directly affect the quality of performance. Even mild refractive errors (e.g., myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism) can impair visuomotor skills and result in tactical errors, reduced precision, and delayed responses. This review aims to examine the impact of refractive defects and their correction on visual performance in athletes, highlighting the importance of proper vision management in competitive settings. Studies consistently show that uncorrected refractive errors negatively affect reaction time, depth perception, stereopsis, and spatial awareness, which are all essential for rapid decision-making during dynamic game situations. In contrast, proper correction improves visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, reduces neural load, and enhances visuomotor coordination, allowing athletes to process visual information more efficiently. Each correction technique, including spectacles, contact lenses, refractive surgery, and sports-specific protective eyewear, has particular advantages and limitations depending on the type and demands of the sport. Vision correction is therefore crucial for optimizing sports performance; however, standardized correction guidelines tailored to athletic requirements are still lacking. Further research using advanced tools such as VR, fMRI, and eye-tracking is needed, along with routine vision screening and individualized correction planning for athletes.