Efficient MAPbI ₃ and FA based mixed perovskite solar cells with a linear or a carbon ring based antisolvent

Material properties of the high-quality MAPbI₃(FAPbI₃) based thin films were optimized using a linear ether (diethyl ether (DE)) and an aromatic hydrocarbon (chlorobenzene (CB)) as antisolvents in order to understand the photovoltaic performance of resultant solar cells. We found that the miscible and immiscible antisolvents influenced the nucleation kinetics and crystal growth of the perovskite thin films, thereby determining the photovoltaic responses. The photovoltaic responses of the MAPbI₃and FAPbI₃based solar cells are better when the miscible CB and immiscible DE are used as the antisolvent, respectively. It is noted that a high power conversion efficiency of 20.8% can be achieved in the FA based mixed perovskite solar cells fabricated with the immiscible DE. The findings from this study should assist in establishing reproducible fabrication processes for various perovskite-related solar cells.