Improved Analytical Model for Landslide‐Induced Pile Forces Considering the Shear Effect and Varying Foundation Coefficient

ABSTRACT As crucial components of landslide control, anti‐slide piles demand a rigorous evaluation of their mechanical performance to guide the refinement of design parameters. Traditional methodologies typically idealize these structures as Euler–Bernoulli beams supported by Winkler foundations. However, these models are inherently limited in their ability to accurately capture shear deformation within the piles. In this study, we developed a computational framework that incorporates variable foundation stiffness, shear‐deformable pile behavior, and multiple landslide thrust actions. Using Timoshenko beam theory, we developed governing equations for loaded and embedded pile sections. The internal force distribution within the anti‐slide piles was then determined by applying the finite difference method. The accuracy and reliability of our theoretical model were validated through a rigorous integration of numerical simulations and empirical case studies. Numerical simulations were employed to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the pile‐landslide system, extracting the peak landslide thrust. Further analysis demonstrated that the internal force distribution patterns within the piles displayed a high degree of similarity across various landslide thrust scenarios. The most significant pile‐top displacement and shear force values were observed under rectangular thrust loading. Finally, the proposed theoretical framework was rigorously validated against established theoretical models and field data. It was also found that the EB beam theory tends to overestimate internal forces within anti‐slide piles, and our solution converges to the EB solution as the pile shear stiffness increases indefinitely. This study not only enriches the calculation theory for anti‐slide piles but also provides robust technical support for related engineering practices.