Tooth impaction and inclusion: challenges and advances in diagnosis and treatment

This report aims to provide helpful information for the immediate diagnosis and management of tooth inclusion, focusing on how to diagnose and treat it. Dental inclusion affects both primary and permanent teeth and results from genetic, environmental, and local factors. Maxillary canines, third molars, and premolars are the most commonly impacted teeth. Causes include genetic factors, systemic diseases, and local anatomical issues like crowding or supernumerary teeth. Inclusion may occur due to eruption failure or mechanical obstruction. Accurate and early diagnosis with clinical exams, radiographs, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is crucial for effective treatment planning. Treatment options range from non-surgical orthodontic methods, such as guided traction of impacted canines, to surgical procedures like removing obstructions or exposing impacted teeth. Early intervention is better because it uses the fact that root development is incomplete and bone is more adaptable in younger patients. Collaboration among specialists and technological advances has greatly improved the management of tooth inclusion. More research is needed to understand the genetic factors and develop less invasive treatment options.