Test methods for chloride diffusivity of blended cement pastes: a review by RILEM TC 298-EBD
Abstract The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) is an important part of the roadmap for reducing CO 2 emissions and extending the service life of reinforced concrete structures. To accelerate the adoption of SCMs, the RILEM Technical Committee 298-EBD evaluates scaled-down cement paste test methods to assess the effect of SCM on resistance to chloride and sulfate ingress and reactivity, which are critical to concrete durability. This review focuses on methods for measuring chloride diffusivity and is divided into four sections: diffusivity models and parameters, diffusion test methods (including NMR and chloride measurements), migration test methods and implications for future research. Key insights highlight the complexities of multi-species ionic and molecular diffusion/migration, including various binding interactions, and compares the different measurement methodologies. The review also addresses the test scale and aggregate effects, noting the pros and cons of testing at the paste, mortar, and concrete scales. The review underscores the need for further investigation into testing protocols and the influence of SCM on chloride diffusion, emphasizing that comprehensive testing across different scales provides complementary information for assessing durability performance.
Authors
- Arezou Babaahmadi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1911-0272)
- Fabien Georget (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-9152)
- William Wilson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5057-3905)
- Maruša Mrak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8978-7916)
- Liming Huang
- Prannoy Suraneni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0899-2601)
- T. Bernard (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9483-7095)
- Matej Dolenec (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0483-9623)
- Stéphanie Bonnet (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0027-344X)
- Anthony Soive (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2368-6848)
- Tobias Völker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9946-2963)
- Christoph Zausinger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7254-4136)
- Neven Ukrainczyk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4122-0547)
Institutions
- École Centrale de Nantes (FR)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Federal Institute For Materials Research and Testing (DE)
- Université de Sherbrooke (CA)
- University of Ljubljana (SI)
- Technische Universität Darmstadt (DE)
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute (SI)
- Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (FR)
- Université Gustave Eiffel (FR)
- Chalmers University of Technology (SE)
- Florida Memorial University (US)
- MTU Aero Engines (Germany) (DE)
- RWTH Aachen University (DE)
- Nantes Université (FR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Materials and Structures
- Published
- 2025-11-04
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-025-02809-4
- Citations
- 4
- Primary Topic
- Concrete and Cement Materials Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 3.81