Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma With Bone Marrow Involvement: A Case Report

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common primary malignant orbital tumor in children and is very rare in adults. Bone marrow (BM) infiltration is an unusual site of metastasis and is associated with a poor prognosis; therefore, management must be initiated as promptly as possible. We report the case of a 32-year-old adult with no significant medical history, presenting with embryonal orbital RMS accompanied by BM infiltration. Clinical examination revealed decreased visual acuity with ptosis, palpebral edema, and exophthalmos, all evolving in the context of general health deterioration. Treatment consisted of chemotherapy; however, the outcome after the first cycle was unexpected. This case highlights the aggressiveness of embryonal RMS (ERMS) in adults and underscores the importance of rapid and appropriate management through a multimodal therapeutic approach.