The prognostic value of circadian syndrome in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a retrospective cohort study

CircS may serve as a potential risk factor affecting the prognosis of NMIBC, manifesting as worse RFS and AEs. Along with gender, tumor size, and recurrence history, it constitutes a high-risk factor for RFS. This finding provides clues for exploring potential causal relationships between clinical syndromes caused by circadian rhythm disruption and bladder tumor prognosis, while also reshaping the understanding of connections between chronic non-neoplastic diseases and neoplastic diseases.