Surgical Extrusion as an Alternative to Extraction in Non-Restorable Teeth

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and long-term prognosis of surgical extrusion compared to conventional extraction methods. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy included databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, covering literature from January 2000 to October 2023. Eligibility criteria encompassed studies that evaluated surgical extrusion techniques for non-restorable teeth, including randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case series. Exclusion criteria involved studies lacking relevant outcome data or those focused solely on extraction without comparative analysis. Data extraction involved standardized forms to capture study characteristics, outcomes, and follow-up data, with a qualitative synthesis of findings. Results: The review included 35 studies, comprising 12 randomized controlled trials and 23 cohort studies, with a total of 1,200 patients. The findings indicated that surgical extrusion achieved a success rate of 92.3% in maintaining tooth retention and periodontal health, significantly higher than the 85% success rate associated with traditional extraction. Notable trends included reduced postoperative complications, such as root resorption (9.8%) and ankylosis (0%), highlighting the advantages of surgical extrusion in preserving alveolar bone and soft tissue architecture. Gaps identified in the literature included a need for standardized protocols and long-term follow-up studies. Conclusion: Surgical extrusion is a biologically respectful alternative to extraction for managing non-restorable teeth.