Role of polymorphisms and microRNA levels in predicting cardiovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, with high risk of recurrent adverse cardiovascular events. Conventional diagnostic markers often lack the sensitivity needed for early detection and prognostic stratification. Recent advances highlight the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their genetic polymorphisms in regulating inflammation, fibrosis, and endothelial function in atherosclerotic disease. This review summarizes evidence on circulating miRNA expression and miRNA-related single nucleotide polymorphisms as biomarkers in AMI. Literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was evaluated, focusing on pathways involving NF-κB, interleukin-1 receptor/toll-like receptors, and JAK/STAT signaling. Circulating miRNAs such as miR-150, miR-208, miR-26a, and miR-483-5p demonstrate strong diagnostic accuracy, while polymorphisms, particularly rs2910164 in miR-146a, are consistently associated with AMI susceptibility and adverse outcomes. These findings suggest that miRNAs and their variants may serve as non-invasive tools for diagnosis and risk prediction, supporting future integration into precision cardiovascular medicine.