Grid aware electrification for decarbonising port logistics based on a case study from Sweden

Electrification is emerging as a key strategy for decarbonisation of shore-side energy demand at ports. However, this electrification, particularly involving electric shore-side vehicles (ESVs), has a significant impact on the local electricity grid. A key research gap pertains to the specific challenges of ESV load integration into the grid and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies like smart charging and renewable energy integration at the operational level within ports. This study directly addresses this gap through several key contributions: firstly, by quantifying the impact of ESV loads on a localised port electricity grid; secondly, by introducing and evaluating smart charging strategies coupled with solar photovoltaic (PV) integration; and thirdly, by providing practical insights derived from a real-world case study at the port of Oskarshamn. Key findings include: (i) an impact analysis demonstrating that unmanaged ('dumb') ESV charging imposes the highest stress on the local grid, necessitating costly immediate upgrades; (ii) the demonstration that optimized charging significantly reduces grid stress, effectively deferring the need for substantial infrastructure investment; and (iii) the confirmation that solar PV integration further aids in managing peak loads and enhancing overall grid stability and energy independence. These results underscore the efficacy of smart charging and renewable integration in managing ESV loads and improving grid resilience. Furthermore, the study highlights potential pathways for future energy efficiency enhancements and even the possibility of energy export within port systems.