Analyzing Aloe vera and Avocado Seed Extracts for Antioxidants, Saponins, Tannins, Flavonoids, and Alkaloids Using the UV-VIS Spectrophotometric Method

<ns3:p>Background This study aimed to quantify saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins and determine the IC50 values of avocado seed and aloe vera extracts. Methods The materials investigated were 70% ethanol extracts derived from avocado seeds and aloe vera. Both samples underwent quantitative phytochemical analyses to ascertain the total component content, and antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) technique to evaluate % inhibition and IC50 values. The absorbance of the samples was quantified using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, which facilitated the calculation of the total chemical content and antioxidant activity. Results The avocado seed extract comprised saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins at concentrations of 0.21%, 0.0232%, 19.94%, and 10.66%, respectively, with an IC50 value of 135 μg/mL. Aloe vera extract contains saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins at concentrations of 0.74%, 0.0313%, 0.99%, and 4.68%, respectively, with an IC50 value of 4614 μg/mL. Conclusion Avocado seeds exhibited elevated flavonoid and tannin levels, whereas aloe vera demonstrated increased alkaloid and saponin concentrations. In the antioxidant activity assessment, avocado seeds demonstrated superior antioxidant efficacy.</ns3:p>