A self-designed Chinese herbal formula alleviates GAstV infection-induced gout in goslings by inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XOD) and regulating intestinal microbiota

Goose gout, a metabolic disorder characterized by systemic urate deposition in visceral organs (e.g., liver, kidneys) and joints of goslings, is strongly associated with goose astrovirus (GAstV) infection and environmental stressors such as high humidity. This disease severely compromises growth performance and survival rates, yet no licensed prophylactic or therapeuti interventions are currently available. Here, we investigated the efficacy of SIA, a Chinese herbal formula comprising Saposhnikovia divaricata, Isatis indigotica and Astragalus membranaceus against GAstV-induced gout in goslings. An experimental model was established by combining oral GAstV challenge with high-humidity environmental exposure. We systematically evaluated the protective effects of SIA by monitoring mortality rates, growth parameters (body weight, feed conversion ratio), serum biomarkers (uric acid, creatinine, inflammatory cytokines), and histopathological alterations in target organs. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing was employed to analyze shifts in intestinal microbiota composition. Notably, medium-dose SIA administration significantly reduced mortality (p<0.05), restored growth performance, and attenuated hepatic and renal pathologies. Serum analysis revealed marked decreases in serum uric acid and creatinine levels, alongside suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, SIA treatment modulated gut dysbiosis by reducing the relative abundances of pathogenic taxa, including Oceanobacillus picturae, Veillonellales, Streptococcus equinus and Synechococcus while promoting commensal microbiota associated with intestinal homeostasis.These findings highlight the dual prophylactic and therapeutic potential of SIA against goose gout, likely mediated through multi-target mechanisms involving renal urate excretion, anti-inflammatory activity, and gut microbiota regulation. This study provides a scientific foundation for developing SIA as a phytotherapeutic agent for goose gout management.