Mycotic Aortic Aneurysm and Mitral Valve Endocarditis in a Dialysis Patient with Porcelain Aorta: A Therapeutic Dilemma - A Case Report

Patients on hemodialysis are susceptible to severe infections and vascular complications. We report a dialysis-dependent female who developed Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia from unregulated intramuscular stem cell injections, complicated by mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm and native mitral valve endocarditis. Despite endovascular repair, persistent infection and sac enlargement ensued, leading to a conservative approach with intravenous antibiotics. This case highlights the therapeutic challenges of managing mycotic aneurysms in hemodialysis patients with porcelain aorta and comorbidities and emphasizes the potential hazards of unproven regenerative therapies such as stem cell injections performed in unregulated settings without proper infection control.