Strong Metal‐Support Interactions on TiO ₂ ‐Supported Metal Catalysts for Fine‐Tuning Catalysis

The concept of strong metal-support interaction (SMSI), a topic of investigation for over four decades, remains an important area of research in heterogeneous catalysis. While substantial progress has been made in understanding SMSI across various metal/support systems, its complexity continues to evolve. TiO₂, recognized as the first support material to exhibit SMSI, has been instrumental in advancing this understanding. However, the lack of a comprehensive guide on how various factors influence SMSI on TiO₂ has limited the ability to systematically control these interactions. This review seeks to provide a consolidated view of the current understanding of SMSI in TiO₂-supported metal catalysts. It highlights the sensitivity of SMSI on TiO₂ to a range of parameters, including pretreatment conditions and reaction environments. The dynamic nature of SMSI under reaction conditions is also explored, underscoring its complexity and potential for fine-tuning catalyst performance. Additionally, practical insights into innovative chemical methods for controlling SMSI on TiO₂ are discussed, offering strategies for modulating SMSI to meet specific catalytic requirements. By addressing these aspects, this review aims to offer a valuable guide for the rational design of metal/TiO₂ catalysts, ultimately contributing to a more refined and controllable approach to SMSI on TiO₂.